Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral infection similar to smallpox, though generally less severe. It is caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. While mpox is primarily found in parts of West and Central Africa, recent outbreaks have been reported in other regions, including the UK.
Understanding Mpox
Mpox is a rare disease that can affect humans and is transmitted through close contact with an infected person or animal, or through contaminated materials. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has confirmed multiple cases in the UK, primarily affecting gay, bisexual, or men who have sex with men (MSM). The disease is typically mild and does not require treatment, but it can sometimes become more serious.
Symptoms of Mpox
Symptoms usually appear 5 to 21 days after exposure and include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Backache
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Chills
- Exhaustion
A rash typically develops 1 to 5 days after the onset of these symptoms. It often starts on the face and can spread to other parts of the body, including the mouth, hands, and feet. The rash progresses from raised spots to fluid-filled blisters, which eventually scab over and fall off.
Severity and Risks
Mpox is generally less severe than smallpox, but it can lead to complications such as secondary infections, bronchopneumonia, and, rarely, death. The current strain circulating in the UK is reported to cause less severe illness. Most people recover within a few weeks without treatment, but it is important to monitor symptoms and consult healthcare providers if they worsen.
Vaccination for Mpox
The NHS offers the smallpox (MVA) vaccine, which provides good protection against mpox. It is recommended for those at higher risk of exposure, including healthcare workers and MSM with multiple partners. The vaccine is most effective when administered within four days of exposure but can be given up to 14 days after contact. The vaccination programme is currently available in specific areas like London and Greater Manchester. In conclusion, while mpox remains a rare disease, awareness and preventive measures are crucial, especially for those at higher risk. Vaccination plays a key role in controlling the spread and protecting vulnerable populations. For more detailed information, you can refer to NHS resources and updates on mpox.
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References
- NHS. Find an mpox vaccination site. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mpox/find-a-mpox-vaccination-site/
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital. Mpox information. Available at: https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/services/hiv-sexual-health/clinics/mpox-information
- NHS. Mpox. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mpox/